| 英文摘要 |
Development of the key thechniques for cultivation of mushroom with recyclable agriculture materials 一、In Taiwan, the Our annual output value of more than 9 billion mushrooms is produced ammually , wood space bag with bottles annually produced more than 250 million packets / bottles, agricultural wastes generated estimated more than 10 tonnes. Although currently cultivated mushroom industry is using after the media as compost, however there are still some of the mushrooms will be discarded in the field, polluting the environment. In recent years, due to the rise of environmental awareness, coupled with a shortage of wood resources, effective use of the media and other cultivated mushrooms alternative resources become very important, this study intends to develop waste for mushroom and mushroom dance as mushroom polysaccharides enhance formulation and fungus cultivation of media, but will also use bamboo as an alternative to wood shavings of media, development of a variety of mushrooms cultivation patterns, to take advantage of this to develop more environmental friendly agricultural wastes some valuable mushrooms and cultivated mode. Development of new technologies for reusing enokitake sawdust as vegetable culture medium There is a flourishing mushroom industry in Taiwan and approximately 190,000 ton/year of mushroom spent substrate was estimated to have been produced. In order to decrease environmental impacts and increase economic efficiency resulting from mushroom production, sawdust waste management is a key component of the production process. Enokitake (Flammulina Velutipes) is an important edible fungi in Taiwan, the annual prouction is around 39,000 ton and the sawdust waste is about 50,000 ton. A study was carried out to investigate the possibility of reusing wood sawdust substrates after enokitake cultivation as culture medium for vegetable production Development of Key Technologies for Reused Substrate in Greenhouse Vegetable Production The object of this study is to evaluate the possibility of reusing cultural substrate of fruit vegetable production in greenhouse. The relationship between plant growth and substrate properties are investigated to establish physiological index for cultivation. It also respects to develop the optimal reused technology for substrate culture in Taiwan for grower as well as increase efficiency of substrate and decrease the cost of production. Research of Surface Modification Rice Husk on Vegetable Seedling and Flower Cultivation The culture in substrates vegetable seedling incubation and floriculture usually rely on foreign imports in Taiwan. It is not only increasing the cost of crop culture but also being affected easily by unstable substrates supplement. According to the statistic data of Customs Administration of Finance Ministry, our nation totaly imported about 8315 tons of culture substrates on 2013. Up to present, the cost of peat moss is about 340-400 NT dollars per 100 liters, and the coconut shell is about 200-250 NT dollars per 100 liters. If we effectively decrease the cost of culture substrates, the income of the farmers will increase. In order to solve the problem of the enviromental pollution of agriculture residues and to reduce the dependence on culture substrates import, using agriculture residues as culture substrates is imperative. Six hundred thousand tons of rice husk which is the byproduct of rice food processing are produced per year in Taiwan. The rice husk cost 30 NT dollars per 100 liters. If the rice husk can be modified and used, the cost of crop culture will decrease. In this research, we will increase the cation exchange capacity of rice husk by modifying tis surface by citric acid. Then we will cultivate the vegetable seeding in substrates that mixed by the modified rice husk and peat moss in different ratio to estimate the effects of modified culture substrates on it. Studies of vegetable production with vermicompost as a substitute for peat in potting media The objective of this research is to establish a reference model of using vermicompost as an amended substrate for peat in potting media for growing leafy vegetables. Six mixtures of vermicompost and peat with different ratios 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 and peat only (ck) will be conducted in the experiments to assess the feasibility of applying vermicompost as substrates in container vegetables. The expected benefits are providing some practical applications from the experimental results for urban farming. The high efficiency production of organic fertilizer by vermiculture We plan to establish a pre-treatment process of sawdust, sweet potato, and tomato residue, which may include material physical destroy, and index of composting. Utilization of rice hull biochar for production of high quality fruit vegetables Agricultural culture medium such as peat moss is mostly imported and its availability is going to be limited in recent years. In the other way, hundreds of million tons of agricultural byproducts are some environment problems in Taiwan. The objectives of this research are to develop a technique that use rice hull biochar to substitute the utilization of imported agricultural culture medium for fruit vegetables planting, and to develop a technique that make biochar as a carrier of microbial agent. Supplementation of agricultural medium would be stabilized by better utilization of rice hull, together with increasing profits of the farmers. Development of cereal residues made plug trays producing techniques and the effects on seedling production. To solve the usage problem of cereal residues, improve the added value and reducing the pollution of agricultural plastic wastes in environment, the project will use peanut hulls in producing degradable nursery plug trays. The quality will be investigated. And to strengthen the structure of carbonized rice hulls degradable nursery plug trays, high fiber cereal residues will be add. The objectives of this project are reducing the plastic wastes, decreasing the cost of cereal byproducts disposed, protecting environment and sustainable use of agriculture. Development of bamboo processing byproducts in the floriculture media The study will be conducted to develop green bamboo byproducts to the new potting cultural medium. According to vibration of physical and chemical properties in different added ratio with crushed green bamboo of potting florist's daisy and poinsettia media, the growth characters and ornamental qualities of plant will be evaluated and one or two kinds of cultural formula will be suggested in the trial. Study on the Reuse of Fruit Vegetable Wastes The plants of Solanum and cucurbits crops will be mixed with bean meal and rice hull to ferment by actinomyces. The fermented residues are mixed with various ratio of coconut shell fiber, perlite, and vermiculite to adjust its physical and chemical properties. Plant wastes will be utilized as the media or fertilizers for vegetables cultivation. The local argicultural resources will be increased it's value and resolve the waste problems. Modification of the physico-chemical properties of rice straw to be used as a growing medium This study will mix shredded rice straw in three ranges of ideal particle size individually with the traditional vegetable growing medium (consisting mainly of peat moss), via both the chemical and physical analysis of the mixed medium, cabbage seed germination test, and cabbage and tomato growth analysis, the potential application of mixing shredded rice straw with peat moss as the growing medium for the production of vegetable transplants is investigated. The main purpose of this study is to determine the most suitable particle size and mixing ratio of shredded rice straw with peat moss and to reduce reliance of vegetable transplant growers on peat moss. |